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[#1] 真金 假印 Exclusive: Fake-branded bars slip dirty gold into world markets (Reuters) - A forgery crisis is quietly roiling the world's gold industry. Gold bars fraudulently stamped with the logos of major refineries are being inserted into the global market to launder smuggled or illegal gold, refining and banking executives tell Reuters. The fakes are hard to detect, making them an ideal fund-runner for narcotics dealers or warlords. In the last three years, bars worth at least $50 million stamped with Swiss refinery logos, but not actually produced by those facilities, have been identified by all four of Switzerland's leading gold refiners and found in the vaults of JPMorgan Chase & Co., one of the major banks at the heart of the market in bullion, said senior executives at gold refineries, banks and other industry sources. Four of the executives said at least 1,000 of the bars, of a standard size known as a kilobar for their weight, have been found. That is a small share of output from the gold industry, which produces roughly 2 million to 2.5 million such bars each year. But the forgeries are sophisticated, so thousands more may have gone undetected, according to the head of Switzerland's biggest refinery. "The latest fake bars ... are highly professionally done," said Michael Mesaric, the chief executive of refinery Valcambi. He said maybe a couple of thousand have been found, but the likelihood is that there are "way, way, way more still in circulation. And it still exists, and it still works." Fake gold bars - blocks of cheaper metal plated with gold - are relatively common in the gold industry and often easy to detect. The counterfeits in these cases are subtler: The gold is real, and very high purity, with only the markings faked. Fake-branded bars are a relatively new way to flout global measures to block conflict minerals and prevent money-laundering. Such forgeries pose a problem for international refiners, financiers and regulators as they attempt to purge the world of illicit trade in bullion. High gold prices have triggered a boom in informal and illegal mining since the mid-2000s. Without the stamp of a prestigious refinery, such gold would be forced into underground networks, or priced at a discount. By pirating Swiss and other major brands, metal that has been mined or processed in places that would not otherwise be legal or acceptable in the West – for example in parts of Africa, Venezuela or North Korea – can be injected into the market, channeling funds to criminals or regimes that are sanctioned. It is not clear who is making the bars found so far, but executives and bankers told Reuters they think most originate in China, the world's largest gold producer and importer, and have entered the market via dealers and trading houses in Hong Kong, Japan and Thailand. Once accepted by a mainstream gold dealer in these places, they can quickly spread into supply chains worldwide. Word of the forged bars began to circulate quietly in gold industry circles after the first half of 2017, when J.P. Morgan, one of five banks which finalize trades in the $10 trillion-a-year London gold market, found that its vaults contained at least two gold kilobars stamped with the same identification number, 10 people familiar with the matter told Reuters. Reuters couldn't determine exactly where the vaults were. J.P. Morgan declined to directly address questions about the fraudulent bullion, or comment on any of the details in this story. "It's our standard practice to immediately alert the appropriate authorities and refineries should we discover mismarked gold kilobars during routine checks and procedures," the bank said in a statement. "Fortunately, we have yet to have an incident resulting in a loss to the firm or a client." The Shanghai Gold Exchange, which regulates China's gold market, said in a statement it was not aware of counterfeit bars being made in or transported through China. "The Shanghai Gold Exchange has established a thorough delivery and storage system. The process for gold (material) to enter the warehouse is strictly managed and in compliance with the regulations," it said. When others who store and trade such gold found forged bars, they returned them to the refiner concerned, some of whom have operations in Asia. Bars returned to Switzerland have been reported by refiners to the Swiss authorities who impounded them, refiners said. Swiss Customs said 655 forged bars were reported in 2017 and 2018 to local prosecutors in Ticino, a region bordering Italy that contains three of Switzerland's four large refineries. "In all cases the marking of the 1 kg bars were fake," a Customs official said by email, without commenting further. The public prosecutor in Ticino confirmed it had received three reports of gold bars with suspect serial numbers, but said it could not disclose more information. The police in Neuchatel, where Switzerland's other large refinery is located, said neither it nor local prosecutors there had received reports of any forged bars. Switzerland's Attorney General said its office was not concerned with the topic at present. https://www.google.com.hk/amp/s/mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKCN1VI0DD 最後修改時間: 2019-08-30 16:47:44 |
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2019-08-30 16:41 | |
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[#2] 真金 假印 ‘....路透社說,其中四位高管稱,現已發現至少1,000塊的山寨公斤金條(kilobar)。相對於年產約200-250萬塊公斤金條的黃金產業而言,這是個小數目。但根據瑞士最大黃金精鍊商Valcambi的執行長Michael Mesaric指出,這些偽造品非常高仿,有可能還有數千塊尚未被發現。 據Mesaric稱,“這些最新的假金條...製作水準高度專業.”他表示,或許已發現了一兩千塊,但可能還有“遠遠更多仍在流通中。而且仍然存在,仍然騙過眾人。” 假金條通常是表面鍍了層金的便宜金屬,這種情況在黃金行業相對較為普遍,也容易被發現。 上述案件中的冒牌金條情況更為複雜,黃金是真的,且純度很高,只是戳是偽造的。 偽造品牌金條是一種相對較新的手段,被用來對抗全球打擊衝突礦產品以及洗錢行為的措施。這類造假行為給國際鑄造廠、金融人士以及監管機構製造了麻煩,他們試圖清除全球的非法黃金貿易。....’ https://www.google.com.hk/amp/s/amp.rfi.fr/tw/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B/20190829-%25E5%25B7%25A8%25E9%25A1%258D%25E5%2581%2587%25E9%2587%2591%25E6%25A2%259D%25E6%25B5%2581%25E9%2580%25B2%25E5%259C%258B%25E9%259A%259B%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25A0%25B4-%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E6%259F%25A5%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%258C%2587%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B 最後修改時間: 2019-08-30 16:53:19 |
Neontetra 正式會員 219.xxx.xxx.28 |
2019-08-30 16:51 |
[#3] 真金 假印 邊個 要將大量黃金換美金 ? 最後修改時間: 2019-08-30 17:01:09 |
Neontetra 正式會員 219.xxx.xxx.28 |
2019-08-30 16:55 |
[#4] 真金 假印 造假,有誰及蝗國 |
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2019-08-30 18:25 |
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